Blue:
A few points
Buy and read the "USGA Handicap System" - it's about $3.
Post policies that cover these areas and talk about them at your membership meetings.
Communicating with your membership is the key to get better compliance. Do so on your clubs website or newsletter.
Understand that some will not follow the rules (they prefer to be ignorant) and some will sandbag (human nature).
No system is perfect - therefore there is no such thing as perfect equity.
Post 'T' scores when appropriate.
Form a Committee and enforce the rules as best you can.
Your golf assoc and club pro can be a big help.
What we do:
1. The HC (Handicap Comm) posts 'T' scores - the day of the event - for tournaments that meet the criteria for acceptable tournament scores. For scoring tournaments, we use the TPP program that comes free with our GHIN/USGA hdcp package. It automatically adjusts scores and links with GHIN/USGA handicap network. Which makes it easy to post scores (as well as calculate the winners and skins, etc.)
2. All other home scores must be immediately posted by the player. (Why not?) If you allow a week it is possible that a score(s) could miss the next revision and make for an inaccurate hdcp - especially right before an upcoming tournament. An additional stroke or 2, especially in a 36 or more hole tournament, can make all the difference. It is not just the actual strokes. The psychological "edge" of knowing you have a cushion, where others don't, is an important factor as well.
Be reasonable and use good judgment. Innocent/honest mistakes can happen with regard to scoring records. Be firm with the problem members. (Most clubs are aware of those members that are looking for "the edge" - as dpb says.)
YOUR EXAMPLE:
IF you had rules that said the scores had to be posted within a certain time frame and weren't, here's is how I would recommend a HC handle it. Someone contact him and ask why the scores aren't posted?
If no reasonable excuse - it is hard to imagine one, but I would ask anyway - then the HC should post those scores plus PENALTY SCORES. (See the Handicap Manual - the section in question is below - see "b".)
8-4. Penalty Scores, Handicap Index Adjustment, and Withdrawal

a. General
A player must earn a
Handicap Index. No player has an inherent right to a
Handicap Index without providing full evidence of ability to the golf club's
Handicap Committee. A
Handicap Index must be changed only as warranted by the
USGA Handicap System. Only the
Handicap Committee where a player maintains a handicap can adjust that player's
Handicap Index. There must be no automatic increases at the beginning of a playing season or year. A
Handicap Index is continuous from one playing season or year to the next. (See Decision
8-4a/1 and Section
6-1.)

b. Penalty Scores
If a player fails to post an acceptable score as soon as practical after completion of the round, the
Handicap Committee should post the score and/or a
penalty score and ratings equal to the lowest
Handicap Differential in the player's
scoring record. However, if the score not returned is unusually high, the
Handicap Committee should enter the score and/or a
penalty score and ratings equal to the highest
Handicap Differential in the player's
scoring record.

c. Handicap Index Adjustment by Handicap Committee
The
Handicap Committee has the responsibility of making certain that each player has a
Handicap Index reflecting potential ability. Under the following circumstances, it will be necessary for the
Handicap Committee to adjust the player's
Handicap Index. However, the following list is not all-inclusive, and a
Handicap Committee has the ultimate authority to adjust a
Handicap Index under any circumstance that it feels necessary to do so. Before an adjustment becomes effective, the
Handicap Committee must give the player an opportunity to explain the circumstances surrounding the proposed adjustment, either in writing or by appearing before the committee. When an adjustment does become effective, it must be identified with the letter M, reflecting that the
Handicap Committee has modified the
Handicap Index (e.g., 4.9M).
The word gets around pretty quickly.
The baggers won't like it - but the vast majority of the guys will.
Participation/enjoyment often increases as well.
Good Luck.